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piper betle Cocaine Mummies was "discovering america"
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Whittet won't go for that. He wants to believe there was extensive industry, trade and Super Space Lasers back when folk were in the stone age. In all fairness, I very much doubt that Steve believes in space lasers, super or otherwise. Eric Stevens There are two classes of people. Those who divide people into two classes, and those who don't. I belong to the second class.
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piper betle Cocaine Mummies was "discovering america"
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SNIP If you read more of the available literature you would find abundant reference to chewing with lime . Chewing the leaves without the lime won't extract the alkaloid. chewing leaves by themselves WILL provide te user with cocaine hydrochloride salt, which is active but not as effective as the free alkaloid. Don't make categorical statements without a foundation. I'm confident that he didn't realise he was. Steve knows what he knows what he knows. That is the beginning and the end of it. Eric Stevens There are two classes of people. Those who divide people into two classes, and those who don't. I belong to the second class.
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piper betle Cocaine Mummies was "discovering america"
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Whittet needs to produce an actual quote from a paper by Balabanova that her analyses of mummies included traces of flavonoids, and other compounds other than cocaine _meta_bolites. Whittet won't even admit/acknowledge/recognise that this is even necessary if he is going to have half a chance of supporting his argument that the AEs engaged in trans-Atlantic trade. Eric Stevens There are two classes of people. Those who divide people into two classes, and those who don't. I belong to the second class.
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piper betle Cocaine Mummies was "discovering america"
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Lime is chewed with various medicinal and narcotic plants in cultures from Africa to South America to extract betel, kava, cocaine, nicotine and caffeine. Please cite sources documenting the use of lime with nicotine and caffeine
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piper betle Cocaine Mummies was "discovering america"
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Chewing coca leaves by themselves introduces cocaine chloride into the system , which in the body is partially converted to the basic alkaloid, cocaine, absorbed through the blood/brain barrier and produces effects. In antiquity, people found out that the effectiveness could be increased by freeing the alkaloid more completely by mixing the leaves with a _base_ to liberate the cocaine from the salt. Indians use slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) made by burning calcium carbonate (limestone, sea shells, etc) to first form quicklime (calcium oxide) and adding water to get the hydroxide. Indians also use plant ash which is also basic
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piper betle Cocaine Mummies was "discovering america"
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Eric Stevens steve
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